David Greenfield
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A Year of Blogs
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Audio blog
09.20.06
Introduction to audio blogging, thoughts on ARP resources, possible partners and collaborators (mp3, 3.27MB, 3:24 min)
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/blogs/DGaudioblog_9_20_06.mp3

Audio blog
09.26.06
On experts and novices, How People Learn, reflections on growing awareness of my own learning process (mp3, 7.5MB, 8:45 min)
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/blogs/audioBlog_9_25.mp3

Audio blog
10.1.06
Confucius on knowing and not knowing and on the pleasure of learning (mp3, 1.16MB, 1:25 min)
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/blogs/dgBlog_10_1.mp3

Audio blog
10.6.06 - Life, work and outside projects as an Action Research Project (mp3, 5.56MB, 6:25 min
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/blogs/dgBlog_10_6.mp3

Audio blog
10.13.06
Possible solution to identifying partners for Action Research Project (mp3, 2.92MB, 3:35 min)
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/blogs/dgBlog_10_13.mp3

Audio blog
11.21.06
ARP & cell phones, museums, schools and collaborations, frustrations of independent working. (mp3, 9MB, 10:28 min)
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/blogs/11_21_06.mp3

On Cell phones, the Digital Divide, and Working as an Independent
11/24/2006
ARP & cell phones, museums, schools and collaborations, frustrations of independent working. (mp3, 9MB, 10:28 min) http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/blogs/11_21_06.mp3

Library Reflections
12/08/2006
I spent most of the day in the library doing schoolwork. It was great! It was the first time in over a month (perhaps two) that I could sit and think and work uninterrupted by driving and traffic, work projects and parenthood. During a short break I reflected on this and thought of the past semester. Yow- all I needed were a few frogs to compete with the ten plagues. Sometime in the middle of the first semester I was downsized. Right after this semester began my kids started school and their mom had to go to Israel to be with her very ill father. He passed away shortly after her arrival, but she still needed to be there for a month. This gave me the opportunity to be with my kids for a straight month- but this meant complete single parenting and not co-. Around the same time I got four projects to do, all at the same time. Since I currently do free-lance, I take what comes my way (in this case one book cover design, a group of graphic conversions for print, three web sites and some collection cataloging. Oh yes, also a multi-media introduction program for a law firms online university. And then there was schoolwork, housework. And lest they I forget, the project that I was basing my ARP fell through (their internal politics) which through me completely off. You talk about a hurricane ride through a roller coaster. Yet it was also a semester of tremendous growth- academic, professional, personal. This program provided me with some stability throughout the other events- a welcome, stimulating, challenging and essentially fun program. This program has occupied much of my thoughts (in a positive way) and many conversations with peers, colleagues and friends. My to-read list has grown exponentially (most by my bed) and I am looking forward to finishing them after I graduate. I spent the day catching up (or nearly catching up) with my writing. I have first drafts for two projects that I will complete tomorrow. I was able to read and comment on the forums. It was great. What is it that John Lennon said? Life is what happens when you are busy making other plans. Well, life happened this semester. So what did I reflect on? Well one thing that has become more apparent to me by my own reflections and with conversations with madre and others is the fine organization of this program and the manner in which the classes all connect and feed-off of each other. Brilliant! After my original ARP project fell through, I felt that I was floating and could not get a handle on it and get grounded. Then there was the ubiquitous technology project. I had a general idea with the cell phone and what I did not want to with it, but I could not figure out what to do with it. And then there are Gary's learning adventures. Fun, but honestly, the work that I do often puts me in a continual learning adventure. For example, one of the web sites that I built required me to learn some new and more sophisticated ways of using HTML because of restrictions imposed by the client (the site turned out very well and I am very proud of it) and now, for the law firm, I am having to re-learn Director. This was the first media and authoring program that I learned (over ten years ago), was a favorite, but I have not used it in 4 years (and two major version changes). The learning curve was swift; I found that I was able to observe some of my learning styles. As much as I do not like to procrastinate, the jobs that I do often require me to do things quickly in a just-in-time manner. After reading the article by Papert on epistemology (cannot recall the full title), I noticed that I am a "soft" coder- my coding is pretty transparent and I like to learn and fiddle with things (almost as if the code was tangible) and get them just right. I also noticed that I am a bricoulour (spelling?) and that my learning is a process of building upon things learned earlier. The influence of Papert's ideas of communities of learners and Gardner's multiple intelligences also became obvious to me. It is 1:30am and I need to get up early- to be continued tomorrow.

What Happens When I do not do Regular Blog Postings
12/09/2006
As I continue to reflect, I have become aware of some of my other learning styles. I am very much in favor of experiential and observational learning for myself. I do learn a lot through by experience. I appreciate a good guide, and I value the constructivist approach. But I am also very aware of some of my limitations, which sometimes are imposed by external forces (i.e. client, time, etc) and I just want to be shown how to do something. Perhaps this is where the role of a good mentor comes in. There are times where guided questions are called for and there are times for a practical example. Times for directed questions and other times to be shown the way. One component of my own learning style is that I do need time to process and reflect. This goes back to an earlier observation of mine that I wrote some 20 years ago that the job of the artist is to observe, absorb and synthesize. This idea can be applied to any topic in learning. I know that for me, the best way to absorb and synthesize (which includes reflection) is often to do an action completely unrelated- not so much to clear my head, but to let ideas percolate and to think of patterns, connections and relationships. Bike riding, running (which I do not do anymore) painting, and sometimes simply laying on the grass and staring at the sky does wonders for my thought process. But back to my ARP and UT. After seemingly flailing about trying to re-conceptualize my project and then scale it down to something attainable given the scope and parameters of this MA program, I was able to experience an event that gave me the conceptual shove that I was missing. Attending the NACOL conference I heard and saw Hall Davidson of the Discovery Network give an example of using the cell phone to create real time audio blogs. Simply by calling a phone number and entering a code, a user could post an audio file in mp3 or real audio formats. There it was for me- the clue! Rather than use the cell phone as a media receiver, it could be used as a production tool similar to the way that a TV camera is used for broadcasting to television. But in this case, the receiving media is the computer. One of biggest issues that I have been wrestling with was how to structure a project for museum and school collaborations. It became apparent to me from my own experiences, conversations with Madre and others that this is a huge project with many components that are far larger than the scope of this ARP. I have been looking for ways to scale it down to something manageable. Another idea that I have been wrestling with is the digital divide. Living in an apt. In the generally affluent west side of LA, has provided me with the opportunity to make several observations: 1) There is a high percentage of computers in private homes as well as schools. And access to computers does not always mean that they are used effectively in a learning environment. 2) This area is really not representative of the rest of the city- there are discrepancies within the area (I visited the middle school that my daughter will be attending next year- a public school with a reputation as being one of the best academic schools in the city. I saw 3-5 computers in every classroom that I visited- most were 4-5 year old Macs and were covered with dust. When I inquired about this I was told that they were originally the result of a grant, but that the grant was not written for upgrades or maintenance. For the most part, this is a good representation of the integration of computers in most of the city schools. If they have them, they are often old, not maintained and teachers do not have the training, time or inspiration to use them (there are of course exceptions to this). Personal experience along with anecdotal experience has also shown similar issues in the museum world. Many institutions are not committed to the use of the computer in learning- they have enough problem maintaining their own databases and collection management systems. And they’re many museum educators are old school trained and are hesitant about introducing computers into learning programs. As I reflected on these issues along with my own ARP and UT project, I became aware that perhaps one of the problems was that the entry level to the digital divide was too high. Personal observation, anecdotal evidence as well as formal studies show that although the penetration of computers into homes and schools is growing, there is still a wide gulf between the haves and have-nots. The more that I thought about my UT project and uses for the cell phone, the more possibilities that I became aware of. It is not that I discovered the cell phone as the panacea for the digital divide, but I did discover that it does have possibilities. After all, the penetration of the cell phone is immense -it far surpasses the penetration of cell phones. For a month ideas have been cooking in my head. This is another function of my learning style. There are times that I need to let an idea bubble and cook. We discussed it during my time at learning circle; it came up in some forums and an interesting online conversation between myself, Gary and Josh pertaining to the OLPC initiative. He idea of incorporating the cell phone in a learning environment also fit with my general theses for my ARP- it is a technology that is easily accessible to students and teachers, it is a great tool for immediate reflections on a topic. For example, when learning about a culture, it is possible to interview a person, post it, take their image or video and post it, distribute the URL so that people can access it from anywhere. Additionally, since the web sites for posting are web II, they are community based making it easy for people to annotate the postings with their own reflections. One teacher who compared it to MySpace approached me. But the idea is different because where MySpace is really a free for all, my idea is to create a structure for multiple people to explore a specific topic. Nonetheless, ideas began to fall in place and doors began to open. The director of my son’s school expressed an interest in developing this cell phone project as part of their Israel-L.A. partnership program. Our school is twinned with a school in Tel Aviv and students participate in yearly visits to each other’s school (one class per year goes and one comes to visit). Our idea is to both document the visits in real time, but to also experiment in distance collaboration. I am in discussion with the director of a small Jewish children’s museum here that has a very successful outreach program to schools in the inner city. One of her biggest frustrations is the lack of computers and technology in these schools. She is very excited about integrating the cell phone (something that they already have) into their program. I have also been in discussions with a friend who has a software company in New York. One of his projects is an open source software program written for s that allows students to access a collection database and curate their own exhibition with objects and commentary. These museum programs are done with collaboration from local schools and he is impressed with the idea of the type of learning programs that can be developed around the software. Although there are some sharing sites for multiple types of files, most are inelegant in their use or focus on one type of media so we are discussing methods they will make it easy to publish, easy to organize and easy to annotate, and then build an educational plan around this. To me, this all means that the demonstration of the NACOL project opened up the doors in my thought process to be able to integrate class projects- ARP, UT and Learning Adventures. This in itself is incredibly exciting and important for me because through the years I have always seen the thread that ties together my life experiences, adventures and interests. This program makes this happen in a clear way, integrating theory and practice for all classes.

December 19 Reflections
12/19/2006
This was an intense, interesting, stimulating and fun semester. The integration of the classes was done so well – each topic of each class was reflected in the other two – sometimes consciously sometimes sun-consciously, but always integrated. I felt that many of the theories explained and validated many of my personal observations and beliefs- things that I have seem over the years. It was great being introduced to the theorists, their ideas and some of the context of their lives that helped explain the development of their ideas. I enjoyed Vigotsgy, and Lave, but was completely turned on by Papert and Gardner. Papert’s love of learning in itself and his explorations and descriptions of different models, from computers in classrooms to samba schools all illustrated to me a method of learning that is both cutting edge and deeply traditional in is practice. Learners assisting other learners, communities of learners, paths of learning all reminded me of the path of laborer to apprentice to journeyman to master something still practiced in the trades but directly applicable to other fields as well- academic, engineering, music. As I learned more about Gardner’s theories of multiple intelligences, I saw a direct link to Papert’s work of learners assisting learners. It seems to me that in any true learning environment, with no regard to location, age or stage of learner, the learner will naturally gravitate to the areas that speak to them and learn them extremely well- taking the knowledge to the level of an artist- where ideas fly freely and are of a mixture of consciousness and sub-conscious. Each component of the learning is as important as the next. One cannot build a house with out plans, once cannot plan the house with out the builder. Life and learning becomes part of an extended Bauhaus experience, where form and function operate together equally. AT the beginning of the program we were told that we would do a little reading, a lot f skimming. We were told that we would naturally gravitate and choose the topics, books and articles that we found interesting- that spoke to us. And we would rely on our peers to fill us in on the areas that they found interesting, that spoke to them and that they could teach is. In this way, we became a community of learners, a community of multiple intelligences, each possessing an overview understanding of our material, as well as deeper understanding of specific areas. Now that we have this understanding of methods of learning, types of learners, and have learned to apply it to our selves and to understand our selves, the next challenge is to learn how to apply the theory of learning to the theory of teaching and to be able to interpret our ideas in to practical solutions. We begin to learn how to improvise on learning and how to listen to and speak multiple languages.

My ARP Marches on
12/29/2006
After what seems to have been an extended period of frustrations and setbacks, it has been a very productive week. I met with the director of a children's museum here in Los Angeles to discuss my ARP. She was very receptive and offered me the use of the facility as well as a guide for one of the visits. She could not offer to create a new program because it is already too late in the year and their programming calendar is pretty well filled up. But this is a great help because it provides me with a solid commitment with a known institution that will help me to get other institutions to sign on-, which I have. Today I met with one of the assistant directors at my son's school and got a commitment from her to participate. We will use several the graders, from this school and am pretty sure that we will be able to enlist 6 other students from their partner school that is located in Tel Aviv. I am hoping to be able to enlist one more school- a public school in LA. I have a lead on this, but will need to wait until after the holiday. I am pretty thrilled with this all- my first project collapsed because of internal struggles within the group that I was going to work with. Then I was floundering because of several reasons. One reason was the scope of my topic (creating collaborations between schools and museums) was too broad for this project. Another was that I could not seem to connect with an institution and get a commitment. The ubiquitous technology project provided the key. I chose the mobile phone without a clear idea of what I wanted to do. After I attended the NACOL conference, I was inspired by Hall Davidson’s demo using a cell phone to create audio blogs in real time. This led me to think about why stop with just audio - why not video and images? Also, the web sites where these media are published are part of Web 2 and can be annotated. So the cell phone can be used by students to explore something and then record and publish their ideas, reflections, etc. This idea has proven (at least for now) to be a manageable way to explore my original topic. It also has the potential to be expanded. Now that I have the first two commitments, I need to begin to develop the informed consent letter, a schedule, and the cyclical questions (name?). At this point the plan is to take a group of 6 students (more or less) to the local museum, offer a tour and instructions, and set them loose to explore, photograph and do audio blogs. The topic will be to look at cultural objects that help create community. This is a "hard" topic that students can grasp (as opposed to my own theoretical). Ideally I will have 12 students from two schools in Los Angeles from two schools that will visit the museum. If we can enlist the children in Tel Aviv, they will visit a similar museum there and record their reflections. The first visit will be for 1.5- 2 hours (and will include pizza). I am not sure if I will be doing one or two more visits. The final visit will be to bring the students together to look at and share their reflections. The students in Israel may also participate via teleconference. The general idea is for students to view objects, reflect and comment. Then they will visit each other’s sites to comment and share stories (i.e. "Wow, your story about X reminds me of something that my grandfather told me"). I have a lot to do, but am happy the way things are going now and I am looking forward go constructing this project and the learning that goes with it.

Onward ARP
01/15/2007
It has been a couple of productive weeks. I met with the director do the Zimmer Children's Museum here in Los Angeles and spoke with her about my ARP idea. She was both receptive and enthusiastic about the idea of using mobile phones to for collaboration with schools and community building. She was particularly interested in the idea of using the phone as a lower entry point in reducing the digital divide. Part of the reason for this is that the Zimmer has a successful program called youthThink that does outreach to under-served schools. We discussed the type of program and decided upon a type of scavenger hunt where a group of students will receive a brief lesson from a museum educator, technical instructions from me and then wander around the museum taking pictures and doing audio blogs. The subject will involve cultural objects that they are either familiar with or are related to something in their own family and community. It is too late in the cycle to create a new program, but Esther offered the Zimmer facilities and a museum educator. She also mentioned that it would be important to provide pizza for the participants (good idea). We will meet two or three times. Once for the initial visit, and a second visit for all of the participants to visit each other's sites. We may do a second visit that would focus on production- meaning we will look at sites and learn how to do annotations and links. I am still working on this part. After two months of email tag, brief discussions in the parking lot, I was finally able to meet with the director of my son's school who had also expressed an interest in participating in this project. We discussed the general idea and who would participate. We both like the idea of the Zimmer director about a scavenger hunt for familiar cultural objects. We added a component that after the students make their original posts from the actual museum, that they show the websites to relatives and do audio casts of their comments and memories. Additionally we discussed how to incorporate the school's twin school in Israel We decided to use 6th graders because there already is a partnership between the 6th graders of the LA and Tel Aviv schools. The LA director will coordinate with the Tel Aviv school. Since the students in Tel Aviv will not be able to come to the Zimmer museum, they will visit a similar museum in Tel Aviv and make their postings and comments based on that. Both groups of students will be encouraged to visit each other’s sites to view, learn and make comments. This week I met with the whole LA 6th grade class to generate interest and give them an overview. Of the 25 or so students, I hope to get 6 or 8 who will commit. I gave an overview and answered questions, which turned out to be a very good idea. The questions provided me with info about what their concerns are. Some of the questions were: If any phone will work (A: Yes- but it there is no camera built in, they can only do audio); what the cost will be (A: the cost of a phone call for audio, since the numbers are al toll-free, and the cost of sending a text or image); if a digital camera can be used (A: no- this is a project evaluating one specific technology- the all-in-well hand held mobile phone). This information will assist me in developing a time line, writing project details and writing the consent form, more about all of this in the next blog.

Post Orlando and Community of Learners
02/05/2007
Today I was reflecting on OMET and our week in Orlando and one of the strengths of the program that popped out at me is that we truly are a community of learners. I thought about an earlier MA program that I was in (and left) and that for the most part, the students were pretty much in a vacuum. Some classes met face-to-face once a month, others once a semester and others did not meet at all. There little or no guidance and some instructors refused to post student contact lists. This was not only a lonely environment; it made learning extremely difficult and at times impossible (a word that I loath to use in the same sentence as learning). Added to the difficulty were group projects that were assigned, but without any guidance, direction, assignment or support in creating groups. One group that I fell into included one person who refused to communicate or respond to any questions or requests for division of labor, and another who was dubbed the “psycho-shirker” because of a tendency to shirk and hide from communication and work, and when he did participate, the work was completely off-subject and poorly written. This made learning difficult and painful. Beginning the OMET with a week of face-to-face gave us the opportunity to place faces and voices with the names of those whom we would work with (and are working with). Collaborations became possible and welcomed, even the difficulties of distributed learning (such as Wiki) and the controlled chaos of TI. Group sessions are personal, stimulating, and even sill sometimes, just like a practical class. The unique personalities and voices each individual student has become clearer and more pronounced. Our time in Orlando was intense, filled with conference, classes and communication (and sometimes a bit of wine). And a lot of real-time learning- personal and as a group. I have read, thought about and discussed the idea of different types of learning communities, especially in Margaret’s and Gary’s classes (discussions of samba schools, etc) and I internalized what the program is about. But after returning from Florida, and thinking about our time and work together, I became more acutely aware of a working model of a learning community- practical and virtual and how much learning takes place within a group setting. When I arrived in LA, I sent an email about how our program illustrated the idea of e-pluribus Unum. The more that I think about it, the more that I agree and disagree with my original statement. Out of our many voices, there is not but one voice- there is many. But as I write these words listening to Gershwin’s “Rhapsody in Blue” in the background, I am struck more by how the different individual instruments are all playing discreet parts of the music, but all come together as a whole. Like our class- our individual voices orchestrated into a single song of learning. E pluribus, er not Unum, but maxum (I have not idea of the word since I do not speak Latin, but out of many, there is a one of many).

Dream Job
02/05/2007
One of my dream jobs is to be a painter (artist). I am kind of cheating on this because a bunch of years ago I pursued a life as an artist for about 15 years. But as many other artists through time and history, I supported my dream (and habit) by other means of employment (house-paining, carpentry and a few other things). It has been quite awhile since I was able to spend hours (and sometimes days) at a time in my studio working, but I do dream of it at times, so I feel that it still is a valid dream job. My day begins with some drawing exercises (along with a cup of coffee) to loosen up my hands (and more importantly, my brain). I like to work on multiple pieces- canvas, paper, Plexiglas, plywood, so I need to take some time to prepare the surfaces of any new pieces that I may be working on. In this case, it would be a new canvas- 3’ x 4.5’. Going to my wood supply, I select the correct lengths of wood for the new stretcher. Each piece is beveled along one edge. Most painters assemble the bars with the bevel faced inward to prevent the edge of the wood from appearing on the painting (think of rubbing a pencil on a piece of paper placed over a coin). I like to place the bevel on the outside so that the canvas takes on a more sculptural appearance. After assembling the frame, I stretch the canvas, making sure that I get as tight a fir as possible and without any bubbles or flaps on the face of the canvas. Then I apply the first coat of gesso on the canvas. I love the smell of gesso (morning or night). When it dries, it shrinks on the frame if done correctly and makes the loveliest “thwap” sound when you snap your fingers on it. After it dries, it needs to be sanded lightly, and then 2-3 more coats are applied. When complete, the surface is smooth and tight brushstrokes just fly across it. Since I like to work with hard edges, a good, smooth and tight surface is great for the application (and removal) of masking tape or the use or rulers. The brushes have all been cleaned from the last session and are arranged on my workbench waiting for paint. My palette varies, but it usually contains Payne’s gray (a dark blue-indigo gray), a crimson red, sienna, flesh-pink, and white. Although I like hard edges, the interiors contain dense textures. Working in acrylic allows me different options for creating a variety of textures that can dry quickly, which enables me to apply multiple textures throughout the day. I can use marble dust or plaster of Paris for thick, topographical textures, clear gloss for semi-transparent layers, matt to dull a shine. I start to work on one canvas, and then move to another as the first layers dry. In this way, I can explore different compositions, processes, and methods on different individual pieces as the day progresses- taking an idea from one piece and applying it to another. It is a rare day when I work only on one piece. Little by little throughout the day I loose myself in the work. The colors, composition and process take hold of me. It feels as if my personality and thoughts melt into the brushes, paint and what ever is around (I will use crayons, pencils and have even used stamps and aspirin). A dance teacher once told me that the dance has been around a lot longer than the dancer, so the more a person dances, the more that the dance takes over the individual. The same is with painting. The creative process in visual has been around a lot longer than me and in many, many different styles. The more that I paint, the more that enter a state in which I am not aware of myself or of the technique. My unique visual language is expressed through the colors, shapes and textures that appear under my brushes. At the end of the day, I stand back and look and reflect on what has appeared. This helps me understand and refine the language of my technique and style. But ultimately the images help me become more aware of and understand myself because the visual choices made represent an intersection of the conscious and sub-consciousness. Actually, I think that this understanding can happen in any creative process in which a person is involved and is passionate about. Perhaps this relates to the theory of multiple-intelligences that Gardner writes about. When a person can understand an idea or process to the root or core- be it a writer, artist, mechanic, lawyer, doctor or even a plumber. The process is so internalized that the practitioner can connect dots that others cannot see.

Onward ARP- Release Form & Participant Evaluation
02/05/2007
My ARP is really starting to happen (finally). Towards the end of December I finally got commitment from a museum and one, perhaps two schools to work on the mobile phone project. In early January I made a presentation to the 6th grade class at Pressman Academy to introduce them to the general idea of my project and to generate enough interest to get 6-10 volunteer students. The next part of the process was for me to write a release from for the participants. Taking ideas from several of my peers work, I stitched a release from that described the project, fees, etc and sent it off to the school VP who is my contact person. Unfortunately, this past Friday was "Generations Day" at the school. Actually it is good for them, but not so good for me. During the day, extended family members visit the school and participate in different programs that help bond and create a sense of continuity and community. But it takes a lot of work, so the VP had to postpone reviewing the release form. She will do so this week. We need to get the form out, because the information that it contains is one of the prime elements in attracting interest and participants. But something else happened that was very telling. I had dinner the other night at a friend's house, where their two children are in the 6th grade class that I will be working with. I spoke to the two kids (as well as another of their friends who was also there) about weather they would be participating. They were polite, but non-committal. Later in the evening, I watched them play on their computers and I realized that even though my idea has generated a lot of interest and excitement, is not too exciting for these kids. They are all part of the "have" class- they have computers at school and multiple computers in their houses (as well as other technological toys and tools). They are on the high side of the digital divide. They can relate to the idea of creating community (since they already have email and Penguin cafe accounts) and even the collaboration part of my project. But a large component of my project involves the use of cell phone as a tool to help introduce the "have-nots" of society with an accessible technology. Not that this was a completely shocking revelation, I am glad that I became aware of it because it is helping me to reevaluate the questions that I want to ask and the goals that I hope to achieve. I think that one of the primary questions that I will ask now will involve about ease of use, reliability and effectiveness of the cell phone in creating collaborative communities involving schools and museums. And I think that a realistic goal would be to see if I could create a model for this type of collaboration that can then be applied to the schools that do not really possess the technology of computers so that students can be introduced to these ideas.

On Assessment
02/08/2007
Reflecting on our discussion with Melissa about assessment, I began to think about the difference between learning by rote and integrating the material into one's being and way of thought and action. It is relatively easy to memorize content from a book or lesson (some subjects can be easier then others to memorize). Then when there is a test or assessment, the content is repeated. Trick then is when does one really interpret the content in meaningful and real ways? I am reminded of the autistic that may posses unique and specific talents - musicians who can play back complicated music after hearing it once, mathematicians (think "Rainman"). But have they really learned- can the musician really interpret what they heard in a unique, personal way or are they simply acting as a music player, an organic MP3 player? The skill of a historian is not that they can recall specific dates (although this is important), but rather that they can identify patterns in history, infer meanings and create relationships between events and times. This same activity occurs in other subjects as well- where the learner has integrated the content to the extent that they are able to use their knowledge to create new content. This is the challenging part of assessment- to know when the repetition of simple content stops and the ability to observe complex relationships and create new content begins.

Narrative as Learning #1
02/10/2007
I have been reading the book "Tell me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence" by Roger Schank which has been stimulating and inspiring me. His approach is that people use life events to construct personal narratives and stories that help them learn and understand their lives. He writes: "Intelligence, in the popular mind, refers to the capacity to solve complex problems, but another way of looking at the issues might be to say that intelligence is really about understanding what has happened well enough to be able to predict when it might happen again. .... Explaining the world (at least to yourself) is a critical aspect of intelligence. Comprehending events around you depends on having a memory of prior events available for helping in the interpretation of new events". He goes on to describe the importance of stories in learning and that people often will not remember straight data, but will remember the same data of there is a story involved. This story can be related to the data itself, the way that the data is presented, or a personal event or memory related to the data or even connected to the moment or event during the time that the data was presented. I think that this is a very important point, especially when considering how many societies and how much knowledge is knowledge and data is passed on from generation to generation in the form of stories, epics and narratives. Even in the trades (building, metal smithing, etc) stories are used in learning environments. Story telling and narrative is an incredibly powerful and meaningful medium for the transmission of knowledge. Schank writes that with a good story, the mission or goal can be because the listener becomes an active listener and will infer the meaning of the story. I see how this will work directly in one of the "soft sciences" such as philosophy, education, and literature. I also see how stories can be worked into the "hard" sciences such as math, chemistry. I am also aware of how narrative also related to the theory of multiple intelligences because it allows for similar data to be transmitted through different methods, language or nomenclature- each targeted to a specific way of understanding. Among other things, Schank writes that as an individual experiences life, they gather and index information about the specific events that are then recalled to help interpret new events. I am finding this particularly interesting because I am one of those who experiences learning through stories, recollections, comparisons and events. I am often surprised by the variety of experiences that I have enjoyed (and sometimes suffered through), each of which has taught me in some way or another. Sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly. I am also thinking that perhaps this is one of the jobs of an educator- to provide the kinds of experiences that enhance and expand a learner’s own personal narrative to empower then to be able to develop their own ability to interpret and learn. This direction of thinking is also starting to influence my approach to my Action Research Project. Perhaps my goal is to see if and how the use of mobile technology in a school/museum environment can enable students to create and enlarge on their own personal narratives for continued learning.

More on Narrative
02/25/2007
In “Tell me a Story”, Schank make some interesting points about the relationship between stories, learning and educators. On one hand, much of what he writes seems to be a description of the acquirement of what we can call wisdom: "...intelligence is really about understanding what has happened well enough to be able to predict when it might happen again. To be a successful predictor of events, one has to have explained confusing prior events successfully." After all, is wisdom not the ability to learn from past experiences in such a way that not only does one not make the same mistake twice, but is able to extrapolate from the experience and apply it to new, different (yet similar) experiences. Although this may seem to apply more directly to “soft” sciences or subjects (history, philosophy, literature, etc), I would argue that it also could be applied to the “hard” sciences such as mathematics, chemistry, geology, etc. Although much of these “hard” sciences are based on “hard” facts and/or truths (chemical reactions, mathematical theorems) there is room for interpretation based upon the application of these hard facts- stories if you will. For example, a chemist may learn the “story” of what happens when groups of chemicals are mixed together. This story will then help her/him learn how to develop a new combination of chemicals, therefore a new story. Another important component of stories that Schank writes about is indexing- that is the ability to identify and catalog ones stories in a way that is meaningful and will allow the individual an easy way to recall and apply the previously learned knowledge. He writes: “Indexing information so that "when a prior experience is indexed clearly, we can cal it to mind to help us understand a current situation. This process can lead to brand-new insights" and "We learn from reconsidering experiences we have already had in light of new information". So one of the important aspects of learning anything is the way in which the learner can “file” the knowledge so that it can be accessed and applied. One of the best ways of doing this it through a narrative or story: "We have difficult remembering such abstractions, but we can more easily remember a good story. Stories give life to past experience" Most cultures and communities share their knowledge and histories through stories. The ancients (and moderns for that matter) have epics- stories and poems that are passed on from generation to generation. These stories contain myth, history, cultural laws and community actions. We see these narratives everywhere- holy and spiritual books, songs, and images, even dances. These stories can tell us how to behave, what to eat, what to wear, what to say or sing. The important component is that they are told as a story. It seems to me that the same idea can be applied to any and all disciplines. Another important component is the person telling the story- the teacher. Schank also writes "A good teacher is not one who explains things correctly, but one who couches explanations in a memorable (i.e., an interesting) format. What makes us intelligent is our ability to find out what we know, when we need to know it. " Again, a good teacher inspires, educates and guides Finally, a good narrative/story does not have to be direct. It does not have to tell everything. "If a story is good enough, you usually don't have to state your point at all: the hearer thinks about what you have said and figures out the point independently. The more work the hearer does, the more he or she will get out of your story." In graphic and web design, a good design is often very minimal- much is left to the viewer to fill in the seemingly missing parts. Many times in art this idea is the “negative space”- the areas that are not painted. Plato discusses a similar idea in the Allegory of the Cave. A person often cannot directly see the truth – only it’s shadow or reflection. It is up to the imagination and intelligence to fill in the parts that are not visibly obvious.

Feedback- Perhaps
02/28/2007
I finally received a reply from the VP of my son's school regarding my ARP project. I do not think that she has intended to be not quite forthright, but unfortunately, that is the feeling that I have been getting. She finally provided me with a little bit of information about the first meeting with the students that was planned for tomorrow- it is not going to happen and is postponed until next Wednesday. It seems that when we made the plans for this project in Dec. or Jan. she forgot to look at the school calendar. Tomorrow is parent-teacher day and there is not school, and there are no students. I realize that teachers are overworked and frazzled, but it seems to me that a crucial aspect of programming is to be able to look at a calendar- especially if one is in a position of responsibility. I think that my rant is because I am a bit frustrated with this process. Today I was reflecting on some of my cyclical questions, and the challenges that I predicted and felt would be inherent in this project and I see that in many aspects I was right on target- especially regarding institutional buy-in and commitment. I have come to realize (and hopefully not too late) that as much as I want to do this component of the project, I may have to shift the focus to the question of whether an independent individual can really affect change in an institution, even if they volunteer completely. I know that if I were a large donor there would be no problem. I also think that if I were to charge a consultancy fee, there would also probably be an interest in action. But as it is, the main commodity that I have to offer is my time, imagination and skill and that does not seem to be enough. As I write these words, I begin to think about a skill that is necessary - it is more of a marketing, sales skill- perhaps the need to be more of a nudge. But my feeling is that I want the institution to take some ownership of the project so that they will be able to use it in other classes and contexts. As to this action, tomorrow I am going to contact the VP and see if we can identify the student participants by this Friday, or Monday by the latest. I think that this may help create a deadline, or sense of urgency that will get the institution to move forward. I also spoke with the museum people who are assisting me. They were actually quite amicable about the change in times and voiced support and understanding of my frustration with moving ahead. As they say- "been there, done that".

Stuck and Unstuck
03/07/2007
My first scheduled program was last week and needed to be postponed because the VP of the school had scheduled the program on a day of teacher-parent conferences. The school was closed and there were not students. I spoke with her on Monday, asking if we had students for Wednesday's second scheduled program and was told that we did not have students yet (again). Feeling a bit frustrated, stymied and worried, I was unsure how to progress. It is a bit late to change my ARP. I began to think about what other questions that I could ask, what other types if information and data could I obtain. Speaking with a friend today, it was suggested that I ask about why they (the school) think that this project got stuck. I had posted a help question on our LC page and got good responses from my colleagues and from Margaret that got me thinking and reflecting. It also happened that today, Margaret met with our LC and I was able to discuss her comments, my situation as well as new questions to ask. I need to meet with the school VP who has been my contact, ask some questions and ore importantly, and listen to her. It must me in a non-confrontational environment where my emphasis really is on listening. Margaret also told me that my presentation does not need to be about a completed project, but must illustrate that this really is a work in progress. I think that by evaluating the project as it stand now with both the school and the museum director (who told me that this is not a unique occurrence) I will be able to continue to work on this project and make it happen next year. Some of the questions that I need to ask are: Below are some of the questions and issues that I need to think about to understand how to make this work in the future: What got in the way (partially my own enthusiasm), what planning steps had to be in place? If they think that this type of project is possible for the future? Where the intersection is between where they are with technology and where they want to go in the future? If this type of project is something that they really wanted and if not, why? If they think that this happened too rapidly? What it was that they were initially interested in? What made them pull back?

Audio Blog for March 20
03/20/2007
I tend to spend a lot of time bouncing around in traffic here in L.A. and I try to use it for reflecting on my Action Research Project. I had been doing some audio blogs by recording straight to my ipod, but then the mike went missing (I just ordered a new one from eBay). But today as I was driving around, it suddenly occurred to me that my much of my project is centered around using a mobile phone as a production tool for collaborations that and reflections. It was a "Duh-uh" moment, so here is a link to my first phone blog about ARP (as opposed to being about Dia de los muertos)
http://www.gcast.com/user/greenfieldz/podcast/arp

On Individual Style and Group Process
03/23/2007
Stuck in traffic today, I reflected on the relationship between group process and individual styles. I think that there is a tremendous amount of strength and creativity in collaborations. Ideas are explored that are often missed by an individual- they can become bigger. The process is interesting and fun. Sometimes the process can be difficult, but if an open mind, heart and ears are there the result can be satisfying, empowering and bring people together. I thought about these idea while driving and made two pod casts. You can hear them here (look at the dates)
http://www.gcast.com/user/greenfieldz/podcast/arp

ARP Update and Reflections on Learning
03/26/2007
Stuck in traffic as usual, I updated my ARP and where I am with answering my first cyclic question. Basically, up until a week and a half ago, I did not feel that I had enough information to answer the question. With the decision to postpone the actual project, I was able to begin to reflect on the answers, which I have been doing so over the past week. Additionally, I have begun to reflect on what my second cycle will address. Yesterday at my son's school, there was an event in which all of the first grade students received their first Hebrew prayer book (he attends a modern Jewish day school). It was quite nice and impressive to see all of these first graders reading and reciting in Hebrew (I did not begin to learn the language until I was in third grade). In some ways, the language itself is not as important to me (although I cannot deny the ties to tradition) as the fact that he is in an immersion program learning a second language. I think that second, third languages are important because they open the learner to different modes of thinking and addressing issues, questions and concepts. I was also reflecting on an old Jewish custom in which on the first day of school students receive small writing boards in which the alpha-bet (or a few letters) are written in honey for the child to lick. This is to equate learning as something sweet. http://www.gcast.com/user/greenfieldz/podcast/arp

Audio Blog
04/12/07
ARP: Reflections on day one of the 2007 Museums and the Web conference. Opening plenary by Brewster Kahle, Internet Archive. On the contemporary version of the Alexandria Library, digitizing a million books, mobile print-on-demand books and not one-curriculum-fits-all text books. (mp3, 17.6MB, 7:41 min)
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/works/MOW_1.mp3

Education at Museums and the Web
04/13/2007
Reflections on day one of the 2007 Museums and the Web conference. Opening plenary by Brewster Kahle, Internet Archive. On the contemporary version of the Alexandria Library, digitizing a million books, mobile print-on-demand books and not one-curriculum-fits-all textbooks. (mp3, 17.6MB, 7:41 min)
http://students.pepperdine.edu/dgreenfi/ARP/works/MOW_ 1

More on Education at MOW
04/13/2007
This is the 10th year that I have attended Museums and the Web, and I enjoy it more and more. The community is committed, passionate, dedicated, educated and caring. It is interesting for me to see that although there are obvious themes from year to year- they are not planned, but reflect much of the current web research and development. Yet the underlying current is always education. The closing plenary at last year's conference addressed ideas and practices of social networking, or Web 2. Ideas were discussed and tools were mentioned (Flckr, del.ici.ous, etc). Many of the sessions this year address projects and research done on social networking and web 2. Tagging, annotations, moderated discussions and user-generated content to exhibitions are all being examined and developed. Many of the sites are fairly plain and actually look like early yahoo or Google. But people are starting to consider how to make sites more visually appealing to help draw in and engage users and web visitors. Also, developers are continuing to discuss methods and projects that will use ontologies and taxonomies in the descriptions of data to enable web technology to be able to infer relationships in creating content (sort of like Google on steroids)- the semiotic web (web 3). This is real interesting. More on this later.

Museums, Usability and Learning by Design
04/19/2007
Having just returned from this years Museums and the Web conference, I was struck by how many similarities there are between the two communities, especially when addressing the issue of integration of technology. I think that despite similar problems (funding, management commitment, etc) the museum world is ahead of schools. But actions, process and projects are similar. There was a lot of ongoing conversation about usability studies and evaluating how a user (learner) will use a site, technology or learning system. One aspect that museum professionals are acutely aware of is the important relationship between the content, how it is presented visually (the GUI) and how it functions. A lot of educational sites that I have visited often cut back on visual development. I do feel that a successful site (any type of site) needs to be content driven. But the ergonomics of the web are different for a print publication; therefore the educational designers need to be very aware of the manner in which content is presented. In Learning by Design, the educator starts by identifying the learning objectives and goal, and then designs the activities in a manner that will guide the educator to this goal. This process also is directly related to Action Research. For example, when usability studies are incorporated into the design process, there is continual dynamic process of iteration, reflection and incorporation of modifications and changes. The experience of the user is the driving force of any successful design and learning experience.

To Blog or not to Blog
05/10/2007
I have been reflecting on our program, especially on the theories and application of learning and leadership. Currently I am applying for a very interesting position at LAUSD that has a very extensive application that includes a list of supplementary questions to be answered along with a resume and cover letter. I am in the middle of this writing process with an impending deadline. I am actually thrilled about how much of the material that we cover I am able to integrate into this process. I am totally focused on my writings now and will update this blog in three days, after I submit the application.

ARP, Writing Style and Leadership
05/11/2007
Several months ago, I sent one of my ARP papers to a colleague in D.C. who works at an institute that among other things assess and evaluates museums and educational programs. Reading an article in a professional web site, I noticed that she was working in projects that were related to mine (the use of cell phones for museum educational programs). She returned it this week after a peer review made by her and some of her colleagues there. Their comments were really valuable and are helping me make this into a better project. One of the comments that stood out was that I often use an informal tone while writing, such as "it seems to me that...". This can take away from the weight of the content that I am presenting by inferring that the content is not as complete or my conclusions are not as solid as I wish to present. I think that one of the reasons that I have been writing like this is a sensitivity to overly bold comments that often are a cover up for a lack of substance. I have seen, heard and read sweeping, bold statements that are really vacuous and empty and am reminded by Mark Twain's comments in "The Innocents Abroad" about American tourists who believe that using small words in a very loud voice will make up for a lack of understanding of a different language. Much of advertising is also based on this principal (louder + stupid= understanding and purchase). I have always felt that true leader does not need to shout. In the military, the best and most accomplished officers and leaders and those who received the most respect were those who spoke softly but with the authority of wisdom and knowledge based upon experience. I have tried to follow this example, but do not feel that I have been able to translate it into my formal writing as much as possible. My fear sometimes is that I may be too bold and assertive in a way that pushes away the reader rather than invite them into the work and that word represents a substantial process of observation and reflection. I am currently in the process applying for a job that requires the preparation of a pretty substantial application packet, which includes answering 5 questions about leadership, ethics, policy change and action. The application also requires a sample of my writing, so I will be very busy this weekend working on this ARP paper and integrating the comments that I received. The due date is the 15th, so see you all later.

Job Description Redux or Everything is a Cycle
05/25/2007
Not long after we began our program last year, a collector to catalog a collection of memorabilia associated with people who practice non-violence approached me. As the discussions progressed, we not only thought of other ways that I could use my skills (such as develop a web component, educational material, etc), but it also seemed to be a great opportunity for my Action Research Project. Unfortunately, there were some disagreements between the two partners of the organization and the project fell apart. The fallout of this was somewhat frustrating on several levels and I needed to scramble for work and to design my ARP. About two months ago, the actual owner of the collection, the people who originally contacted me, contacted me again. After some reorganization, they are still interested. Now it gets interesting. Their proposal is that the job description and organization is up to me. The goal of the owner is to get the theme of the collection out to the public. It is all pretty much to me to develop. It is an interesting position to be in- especially after the time that I put into the LAUSD position. I will not hear about that position for another month or two, but in a dream world, I could possible do both. At this point in time, I am starting to evaluate the collection so that I can develop plans- business, education, outreach, etc. It will be interesting to see how this all plays out.

Dynamic Flexibility
05/25/2007
Earlier this evening while wandering around getting ready to go to sleep, I was reflecting on my ARP- especially where it started and where it went, especially in light of the proposal that I recently received to take on and develop the project that was to be my year long ARP (and had hoped to turn it into something longer). One of the strongest aspects of the OMET program and of ARP is the fact that it really guides us through a process of dynamic flexibility to how we approach our MA projects, and therefore what we bring back to our professional lives. Using the methods of action research, especially personal reflection, we become more aware of so many things- how to listen; how to ask the kinds of questions that elicit authentic answers (which often are not what we expected); how to integrate these replies directly into our work. In some ways it means that the outcome itself is dynamic and changes along with the process. I do not think that this infers that there is nothing concrete about the process or result. The solidity is the quality and honesty of the process itself and the recognition that often quality is a process that does take time- there is no instant enlightenment or gratification. I would almost compare it to a handcrafted artifact, such as a sculpture, a piece of high-quality silver ware, a craftsman style house or furniture. All of these examples take time for making, time for reflection on the process and piece and an ability to adapt to the results in a way that affects the quality and outcome. ARP is not instant, but is a handcrafted labor of love- the love of learning and of turning theory into action and always working to improve quality.

ARP Cycle – Life Cycle
05/31/2007
As I have been reflecting on my ARP cycle 3, presentation and final paper, I have been struck about the cyclical nature of things and how connections happen and are made. At the start of this program, I was approached by a collector with a large collection of memorabilia associated with people who practice non-violence. It was to involve cataloging, web design, curriculum development- things that I am interested in doing connected with ideas that I believe in. Unfortunately, the project fell apart before it began. I shifted my project to look at how technology can be used to create museum-school collaborations. As the year progressed, I began to look more at the collaborative process itself- the steps and skills necessary in creating successful collaborations. Now, the cycle seems to be closing a bit as well as connecting theory learned in classes and ideas researched for my ARP. The collector approached me again about two months ago. Their internal issues were addressed and they were ready to move on. They offered me the collection, and basically to do something interesting with it. Catalog it, loan it, lease it, sell it, create curriculum, educational material, web content- what ever I come up with. The goal of the owner is to promote non-violence and I have the skill sets necessary to do it (having cataloged art, designed web sites, and now this masters program). And I support the ideas that he wants to promote. It is pretty much a once in a lifetime opportunity, and there is a potential that I can also make a living from this (we are discussing methods of funding). Now this evening, I had a conversation with an old friend who is the director of an art center in Princeton, N.J. He was totally thrilled with this collection and proposed that we collaborate. We began a serious conversation about what we can develop- an exhibition, museum-school collaborations, symposiums, etc. This conversation and process also reflects some of the primary attributes that I have learned about collaborations: they cannot be forced; the most successful collaborations begin with an idea that inspires and then develop in an organic manner, according to the timing of the institution. I have collaborated before with my friend in Princeton, but not for a long time and not at this level, but we both felt that the timing and professional skill sets are right. It will be fun to see how this continues to develop.

A Year of Action Research
06/04/2007
As I continue to prepare for my final presentation, I spent some time reviewing my blogs of the past year. Two things really stand out- my spelling is really atrocious and this really is a great process. Really, I do know that my spelling is not to hot, but I think that sometimes it is more because I think faster that I can write, and I do not review the blogs as thoroughly as I probably should. I think after I am done writing, I like to enter into the reflective and contemplative state that the writing sends me to and let my mind wander around the ideas. But a spell check for this blogging application would really be helpful. And the process... Reading my blogs as well as those of my peers and friends really illustrates the path we are on and the process that we have been doing together. Sometimes I am so involved in the details of my work that I forget to allow myself to stand back and smell the virtual roses of our process. It is pretty cool.